1. Substation:

A substation is a key part of any electrical generation, transmission, and distribution system. In the context of solar power plants:

• Step-Up Transformer: The electricity generated by solar panels is typically at a low voltage. Before it is sent into the grid, it needs to be transformed into a higher voltage to reduce energy losses during transmission. Substations house step-up transformers that increase the voltage of the electricity generated by the solar panels.

• Switching and Protection Equipment: Substations contain switches, circuit breakers, and other protection devices that allow operators to control the flow of electricity and protect the grid from faults or overloads.

• Grid Connection: The substation is the point where the solar power plant connects to the main electrical grid. It ensures that the electricity generated by the solar panels can be distributed and used by consumers.

2. Transmission Infrastructure:

Transmission infrastructure refers to the high-voltage power lines and associated equipment that transport electricity over long distances, from power plants (including solar facilities) to local distribution networks and eventually to consumers. In the context of solar power plants:

• Step-Up Transformers: Electricity generated at the solar plant’s substation is further increased to very high voltages for efficient long-distance transmission. This high voltage reduces energy losses during transportation.

• Transmission Lines: High-voltage transmission lines carry the electricity from the solar power plant to regional substations or directly to major consumers. These lines can cover vast distances and are a crucial part of the energy grid.

• Grid Integration: Transmission infrastructure facilitates the integration of solar power into the larger electrical grid. It ensures that the electricity generated by solar plants can be distributed across regions where it is needed, even if those regions are far away from where the electricity is generated.